中国银行业基层网点的空间演化机制

中国银行业改革持续深化,不同类型银行的业务限制和地域限制逐步取消,银行间竞争日益激烈,重新调整网点布局已成为各家银行应对措施之一。重点关注2007—2016年中国银行业基层网点的空间演化路径,在借鉴演化经济地理研究中产业关联思想的基础上,提出地方产业基础的金融关联度和区域间投资的金融关联度两个重要变量,以此构建解释框架。考虑到中国银行业渐进式的改革历程,按银行所有制及银行规模分组进行比较分析。研究发现：① 地方银行市场竞争越激烈会显著提升产业基础、投资流向的金融关联度在银行网点布局决策中的重要性,银行网点会向金融关联度高的地区集聚;② 各影响因素的作用机制随地方银行市场环境和银行成长过程发生变化,表现出阶段性特征;③ 银行的个体异质性也是影响银行网点空间演化路径的因素之一。     

基于LocaSpaceViewer的地理信息技术应用教学设计与反思

本文基于笔者运用LocaSpaceViewer软件完成人教版地理必修3“地理信息技术在区域地理环境研究中的应用”的教学内容,总结反思教学过程中出现的问题,并提出改进的建议和措施。     

Modeling lateral circulation and its influence on the along-channel flow in a branched estuary

A numerical modeling study of the influence of the lateral flow on the estuarine exchange flow was conducted in the north passage of the Changjiang estuary. The lateral flows show substantial variabilities within a flood-ebb tidal cycle. The strong lateral flow occurring during flood tide is caused primarily by the unique cross-shoal flow that induces a strong northward (looking upstream) barotropic force near the surface and advects saltier water toward the northern part of the channel, resulting in a southward baroclinic force caused by the lateral density gradient. Thus, a two-layer structure of lateral flows is produced during the flood tide. The lateral flows are vigorous near the flood slack and the magnitude can exceed that of the along-channel tidal flow during that period. The strong vertical shear of the lateral flows and the salinity gradient in lateral direction generate lateral tidal straining, which are out of phase with the along-channel tidal straining. Consequently, stratification is enhanced at the early stage of the ebb tide. In contrast, strong along-channel straining is apparent during the late ebb tide. The vertical mixing disrupts the vertical density gradient, thus suppressing stratification. The impact of lateral straining on stratification during spring tide is more pronounced than that of along-channel straining during late flood and early ebb tides. The momentum balance along the estuary suggests that lateral flow can augment the residual exchange flow. The advection of lateral flows brings low-energy water from the shoal to the deep channel during the flood tide, whereas the energetic water is moved to the shoal via lateral advection during the ebb tide. The impact of lateral flow on estuarine circulation of this multiple-channel estuary is different from single-channel estuary. A model simulation by blocking the cross-shoal flow shows that the magnitudes of lateral flows and tidal straining are reduced. Moreover, the reduced lateral tidal straining results in a decrease in vertical stratification from the late flood to early ebb tides during the spring tide. By contrast, the along-channel tidal straining becomes dominant. The model results illustrate the important dynamic linkage between lateral flows and estuarine dynamics in the Changjiang estuary.     

Morphological and molecular diagnoses of Polydora brevipalpa Zachs,1933(Annelida: Spionidae) from the shellfish along the coast of China

Shell-boring species Polydora brevipalpa Zachs, 1933 is redescribed based on morphological observations and molecular approach for future unambiguous identification. Genetic distance analyses showed that the interspecific polydorid variation(16.7%–25.6%) was at least 15 times higher than the intraspecific one(0.2%–0.9%) based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I(CO1) gene sequences of polydorids. However, 18 S rDNA variation pattern demonstrated a rather narrow barcoding gap, with the interspecific polydorid variation(0.5%–5.6%) being very close to the intraspecific one(0.0%–0.4%). As such, the CO1 gene exhibited better DNA barcode for identification of polydorids than the 18 S rDNA gene because of the su ciently large barcoding gaps. Analysis of molecular variance results based on CO1 gene sequences showed that most variations in sequences(97.79%) lay within groups of adult worms and egg capsules rather than between them. This indicated that egg capsules from Crassostrea gigas(Thunberg,1793) in Ningbo and Nantong were related to the adult worms from Patinopecten yessoensis(Jay, 1857) in Dalian, and both of them belonged to P. brevipalpa. This result was further supported by parsimony network analysis, which showed that egg capsules collected from dif ferent localities and adult worms shared a single haplotype. This study was the first to report both P. brevipalpa infestation on C. gigas and to utilise the known CO1 sequences of the adult polydorids to validate morphologically unidentified egg capsules or early larvae. P. brevipalpa was most possibly brought to Chinese waters through transportation of Pa. yessoensis brood stock from Japan.     

中国近海藻毒素及有毒微藻产毒原因种调查研究进展

麻痹性贝类毒素在我国近海污染问题已十分突出,基本呈现逐年加剧的趋势。20世纪90年代,南海麻痹性贝类毒素污染较重; 21世纪初,北黄海麻痹性贝类毒素污染较重;近几年,渤海和福建近海麻痹性贝类毒素污染较重;可产生麻痹性贝类毒素的微藻有亚历山大藻和裸甲藻等。采用小鼠生物法检测我国近海腹泻性贝类毒素超标率32%左右,采用液相色谱/质谱法检测,仅有3起超标的研究报道;现行小鼠生物法检测腹泻性贝类毒素假阳性问题十分突出,应尽快废除;腹泻性贝类毒素均是脂溶性的,脂溶性海洋生物毒素在我国近海常年可检出,偶有虾夷扇贝毒素和鳍藻毒素超标现象。可产生脂溶性毒素微藻有鳍藻和原甲藻及网状原角藻等。失忆性贝类毒素在我国近海常有检出,但无超标现象;产毒微藻有拟菱形藻等。西加鱼毒素在我国南海污染较重,但毒素标准物质的匮乏,限制了西加鱼毒素的调查研究;至今尚未确定产生西加鱼毒素的微藻。酶联免疫吸附法和液相色谱串联质谱法相结合已成为藻毒素快速准确检测成熟的技术,逐渐代替小鼠生物法和液相色谱法。     

辽宁省数字化形变观测自然干扰分析

对数字形变观测过程中辽宁丹东地震台、营口地震台、抚顺地震台、朝阳地震台DSQ水管仪、SS-Y伸缩仪存在的自然干扰现象进行研究，对其机理和数据形态作了对比分析，为快速、准确地判别自然干扰提供了科学依据。     

基于RS和GIS的临武县矿山地质环境调查评价

本文通过遥感解译和实地核查,查明了临武县主要的矿山地质环境问题,并对矿山地质环境问题和地质环境背景条件进行分析研究,建立矿山地质环境综合评价指标体系,应用"专家打分-层次分析法"确定评价指标权重,根据相关规范确定评价指标等级,建立评价模型。基于ArcGIS平台,对各指标进行信息提取、赋值和叠加运算,再根据综合评价分级标准,得到矿山地质环境综合评价分区图。评价结果与实际调查情况相符,说明建立的评价指标体系较合理。研究成果对临武县矿山地质环境保护与生态文明建设具有重要的参考意义。     

华北克拉通东部古太平洋板块俯冲与回撤作用:来自辽西兴城地区晚中生代花岗质岩石的记录与启示

目前对于华北克拉通东部晚中生代花岗质岩石的成因仍存在地幔柱、加厚/拆沉下地壳部分熔融、俯冲板片脱水导致地壳熔融等不同认识。辽西兴城地区晚中生代花岗质岩石主要由二长花岗岩、石英闪长岩、花岗斑岩和石英正长岩组成,岩浆成因锆石U-Pb同位素定年结果显示岩浆活动主要发生于晚侏罗世(156Ma)、早白垩世早期(139Ma)、早白垩世中期(130～125Ma)。岩石地球化学测试分析结果显示岩石属于高钾钙碱性系列且具有富集K、Pb等大离子亲石元素而相对亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素等活动陆缘岩浆岩特点,表明辽西地区晚中生代岩浆活动的发生与俯冲作用有关。晚侏罗世-早白垩世早期(156～139Ma)花岗质岩石地球化学特征与I型花岗岩类似,同时具有富集的Hf同位素组成(εHf(t)=-22.70～-18.66)和古老的Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄(tDM2=2387～2767Ma),其初始岩浆可能来源于古老中上地壳的部分熔融;形成于130Ma的花岗质岩石同样具有与I型花岗岩相类似的岩石地球化学特征,但其Hf同位素组成突变为亏损(εHf(t)=+3.64～+6.22、tDM1=537～969Ma),其初始岩浆起源于新元古代新生地壳物质的部分熔融并混入少量亏损地幔物质组分;形成于125Ma的花岗质岩石为碱性A型花岗岩,岩石地球化学特征与其他岩石有所不同,具有负的εHf(t)值(-17.30～-11.56)和相对古老的Hf同位素二阶段年龄(tDM2=1917～2278Ma),初始岩浆可能起源于较为古老的中下地壳部分熔融并有幔源物质的参与。华北克拉通东部形成于160～139Ma的花岗质岩石具有I型、高钾钙碱性、与埃达克质岩石类似的高Sr/Y、低Y含量特征和富集的Hf同位素组成,而形成于130～120Ma的花岗质岩石具有A型、碱性、与典型岛弧岩浆岩类似的岩石地球化学特征和相对亏损的Hf同位素组成,同时晚中生代岩浆活动具有向洋年轻化的特点,表明华北克拉通东部156～139Ma期间可能受到古太平洋板块的持续俯冲作用,而139～130Ma古太平洋俯冲板片开始回撤,130～125Ma进入古太平洋俯冲板片持续回撤导致的强烈区域伸展作用阶段。古太平洋俯冲板片脱水交代岩石圈地幔并形成幔源岩浆,幔源岩浆不断底侵作用于古老/新生地壳使其发生部分熔融为花岗质岩石提供岩浆来源。     

攀枝花大田铀矿床基本特征及成因

大田铀矿床为康滇古陆上探明的首例铀矿床。在矿床勘探过程中,共施工钻探29712 m、槽探5000m~3,发现工业铀矿孔25个、铀矿化孔6个。本文在野外调查、岩芯编录和勘探剖面编制的基础上,结合样品分析测试,对大田铀矿床基本特征及成因进行了研究。结果表明,大田铀矿床是在Rodinia大陆裂解拉张背景下,构造热液作用过程中形成的。已探明铀矿(化)体定位于构造蚀变带内,矿体形态呈透镜状、脉状。原生铀矿物以晶质铀矿为主,含少量钛铀矿、沥青铀矿。赋矿岩石为斜长角闪岩,其原岩为侵位于构造蚀变带内的辉长岩脉。主量元素特征显示,赋矿岩石与基性岩类辉长岩主量元素含量特征一致;稀土元素特征显示,赋矿岩石的原岩形成于拉张构造环境。铀成矿与钠交代作用关系密切。